ABSTRACT
Statement of the Problem: Oral mucositis [OM] is a common side effect of anticancer drugs and needs significant attention for its prevention
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the healing effects of olive leaf extract on 5-fluorouracil-induced OM in golden hamster
Materials and Method: OM was induced in 63 male golden hamsters by the combination of 5-fluorouracil injections [days 0, 5 and 10] and the abrasion of the cheek pouch [days 3 and 4]. On day 12, hamsters were received topical olive leaf extract ointment, base of ointment, or no treatment [control] for 5 days. Histopathology evaluations, blood examinations, and tissue malondialdehyde level measurement were performed 1, 3 and 5 days after treatments
Results: Histopathology score and tissue malondialdehyde level were significantly lower in olive leaf extract treated group in comparison with control and base groups [p= 0.000]. Significant decreases in white blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and mean corpuscular volume and an increase in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration were observed in olive leaf extract treated group in comparison with control and base groups [p< 0.05]
Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that daily application of olive leaf extract ointment had healing effect on 5-fluorouracil induced OM in hamsters. Moreover, the beneficial effect of olive leaf extract on OM might be due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties
ABSTRACT
Background: Carum carvi L. [caraway], known as black zeera in Iran, has been indicated for the treatment of epilepsy in Iranian folk medicine. This study evaluated whether the aqueous extract and essential oil of caraway seeds have anticonvulsant effects in mice
Methods: The anticonvulsant effects of the aqueous extract [200, 400, 800, 1600, and 3200 mg/kg, i.p.] and essential oil [25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, i.p.] of caraway were assessed using pentylenetetrazol [PTZ; 95 mg/kg i.p.] induced convulsions. Diazepam [3 mg/kg] was used as positive control. The latency time before the onset of myoclonic, clonic, and tonic convulsions and the percentage of mortality were recorded. In addition, the effect of caraway on neuromuscular coordination was evaluated using the rotarod performance test
Results: The extract and essential oil dose-dependently increased the latency time to the onset of myoclonic [ED50, 1257 and 62.2 mg/kg, respectively] and clonic [ED50, 929 and 42.3 mg/kg, respectively] seizures. The extract and essential oil of caraway prevented the animals from tonic seizure with ED50s of 2142.4 and 97.6 mg/kg, respectively. The extract and essential oil of caraway protected 28.6 and 71.4% of the animals from PTZ-induced death, respectively, and had no significant effect on neuromuscular coordination
Conclusion: This study showed that the aqueous extract and essential oil of caraway had anticonvulsant properties. However, the essential oil was more potent and effective than was the aqueous extract as an anticonvulsant. Additionally, the anticonvulsant effect of caraway was not due to a muscle relaxant activity. These findings support the acclaimed antiepileptic effect of caraway in folk medicine and propose its potential use in petit mal seizure in humans
Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , Anticonvulsants , Seizures , Plant Extracts , Pentylenetetrazole , MiceABSTRACT
Growing evidence suggests that serotonin plays an important role in learning and memory and all its receptors might be implicated in this process. The present study aimed at investigating and comparing the possible involvement of 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 receptor [R] agonists/antagonists upon consolidation of inhibitory avoidance memory in the pre-limbic [PL] area. Bilateral intra-PL microinjections of m-CPBG [m-Chlorophenylbiguanide hydrochloride: a selective 5-HT3R agonist; 0.1 microg/rat], Y-25130 [a selective 5-HT3R antagonist; 0.1 microg/rat], RS67333 [a potent and highly selective 5-HT4R partial agonist; 0.5 microg/rat] and RS23597-190 [a selective 5-HT4R antagonist; 0.5 microg/rat] were performed immediately after training. The step-through inhibitory avoidance [IA] task was used to memory assessment in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Our data revealed that the post-training intra-PL microinjection of m-CPBG relative to saline and Y-25130 decreased inhibitory avoidance memory consolidation in the PL area. On the contrary, RS67333 increased IA memory consolidation in comparison to saline and RS23597-190. In addition, there was also a significant difference between the effects of m-CPBG and RS67333 on IA memory consolidation in the PL area. M-CPBG induced reduction of IA memory consolidation, while RS67333 increased it. However, Y-25130 compared to RS23597-190 did not show any significant difference. All above interventions did not alter locomotor activity. This study indicated that local direct agonist activation of 5-HT3Rs induced the reduction of IA memory consolidation, opposed to the local direct agonist activation of 5-HT4Rs, which mediated enhancement of IA memory consolidation. It can be proposed that 5-HT3Rs in comparison to 5-HT4Rs may be inversely involved in modulation of IA memory consolidation in the PL
ABSTRACT
Sexuality constitutes an important part of women's life. Healthy and proper sexual functioning is one of the signs of physical and mental health. The present study aimed to identify the effect of education on sexual health of women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder. In this randomized clinical trial, 80 married women at reproductive age were randomly divided into a control and an education group. These women participated in this study based on selfreporting of having hypoactive sexual desire disorder. After six weekly educational sessions regarding sexual health, percentage of changes in sexual desire was assayed using Hurlbert index of sexual desire. Independent and paired t-test and Chi-square test were used to analyze the data. After the intervention, a significant difference was found between the two groups regarding the sexual desire score [P<0.001]. The results also showed a significant difference within groups in this regard [P<0.001]. According to the results of this study, it seems that educational intervention regarding sexual health was effective for the women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder. Thus, establishing sexual health education units in different health centers is highly necessary. These centers can help couples to promote their sexual knowledge and treat their sexual dysfunctions
ABSTRACT
Background: There have been some reports about the possible N-methyl-D-aspartate [NMDA] antagonist activity of Guaifenesin. As drugs with a similar structure to Guaifenesin [i.e. Felbamate] and those with NMDA antagonist activity have been clinically used as anticonvulsants, the aim of this study was to determine whether Guaifenesin has an anticonvulsant effect in an animal model of seizure
Methods: Anticonvulsant effect of Guaifenesin was assessed via Pentylenetetrazol [PTZ]-induced convulsion. Male albino mice received Guaifenesin [100, 200, 300, or 400 mg/kg; n=8- 10] or 0.25% Tween [vehicle] intraperitoneally 30 minutes before the injection of PTZ [95 mg/kg]. Diazepam [3 mg/kg; n=8] was used as a reference drug. The latency time before the onset of myoclonic, clonic, and tonic-clonic convulsions, percentage of animals exhibiting convulsion, and percentage of mortality were recorded. In addition, the effect of Guaifenesin on neuromuscular coordination was assessed using the Rotarod
Results: Guaifenesin at all the studied doses significantly increased the latency to myoclonic and clonic convulsions in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, Guaifenesin at the dose of 300 mg/kg increased the latency to tonic-clonic seizure. The ED50s of Guaifenesin for protection against PTZ-induced clonic and tonic-clonic seizures and death were 744.88 [360-1540], 256 [178-363], and 328 [262-411] mg/kg, respectively. Guaifenesin at all the investigated doses significantly reduced neuromuscular coordination, compared to the vehicle-treated group
Conclusion: These results suggest that Guaifenesin possesses muscle relaxant and anticonvulsant properties and may have a potential clinical use in absence seizure